In the last decade Large Eddy Simulation (LES) emerged as a
promising approach to turbulence. Its further development is
important as it will enable the successful study of flow related
problems which were impossible to investigate before due to
prohibitively large computational cost. Numerical tests show that
classical LES models (such as the Smagorinsky model) have
deficiencies as physical models due to the poor modeling of the
subgrid scale processes. In this talk improved LES models that are
more closely related to the physics of turbulence are
introduced. The convergence of finite element method will be
presented. These LES models can be used as reduced order models in
shape optimization. A first step of this computational approach for
a biomedical design application will be discussed.
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